Abortion in Bolivia: Facts & Data 2025

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In Bolivia, the legal and social landscape surrounding abortion is complex. Abortion is largely restricted, with limited exceptions, which contributes to a culture of stigma and fear surrounding the issue. The severe penalties associated with abortion not only criminalize women who seek to terminate a pregnancy but also highlight the broader implications for women’s rights and health in the country.

Abortions in Bolivia are allowed in specific situations, which gives the regulation a grounds-based legal framework.

Abortions conducted outside this established framework are classified as a crime against life, carrying a potential prison sentence of up to three years for the aborting person and up to six years for persons involved in the procedure (§§ ff 263, Penal Code)².

When is an abortion legal in Bolivia?

Abortion laws are exclusively manifested in the Bolivian Penal Code. In this way, the law decriminalizes the procedure in the following cases:

• Risk to the health (physical or mental) or life of the pregnant person: In this case, a medical assessment is required.
• Pregnancy resulting from rape and/or incest: In this case, a formal complaint is necessary.
• Fetal health issues: In this case, a medical assessment is required.

Despite the three legal grounds outlined in the law, several requirements create barriers to accessing safe abortion:

• Representation and/or consent are required for individuals with disabilities or minors to access the procedure.
• Waiting periods are enforced before the procedure can be accessed.
• Medical approval and medical committees are necessary to access abortion.

Articles and punishments

The Penal Code in Bolivia establishes a stringent legal framework regarding abortion, highlighting a sexist and discriminatory atmosphere that imposes severe penalties on both individuals seeking abortions and those providing them. The law reflects a complex interplay of morality, legal implications, and the protection of women’s rights, often placing women in precarious situations when navigating their reproductive health³.

Article 263: General Abortion Laws

• Non-consensual Abortion: If a person causes the death of a fetus or induces premature expulsion without the pregnant individual’s consent or if she is under 16, the penalty is imprisonment for two (2) to six (6) years.
• Consensual Abortion: If the abortion is performed with the individual’s consent, the penalty is imprisonment for one (1) to three (3) years. The pregnant person who consents to the abortion may also face imprisonment of one (1) to three (3) years.
• Non-punishable Attempt: The attempt of the pregnant individual to abort is not punishable.

Article 264: Abortion Resulting in Injury or Death

• If a consensual abortion results in injury, the penalty is imprisonment for one (1) to four (4) years. If it results in death, the penalty is increased by half.
• If a non-consensual abortion results in injury, the perpetrator faces imprisonment for one (1) to seven (7) years; if it results in death, the penalty is two (2) to nine (9) years.

Article 265: Honor-related Abortion

If the abortion is committed to save the woman’s honor, either by herself or with third-party consent, the penalty is six (6) months to two (2) years of imprisonment. This penalty is increased by one-third if death occurs.

Article 266: Exemptions from Punishment

• Abortion resulting from rape, abduction not followed by marriage, or incest is not punishable, provided that legal action has been initiated.
• Abortion performed to prevent danger to the pregnant individual’s life or health is also exempt from punishment, provided it is conducted by a doctor with the person’s consent and judicial authorization if necessary.

Article 267: Unintentional Abortion

If a person causes abortion through violence without the intent to do so, but knowing the individual is pregnant, they face imprisonment for three (3) months to three (3) years.

Article 268: Negligent Abortion

If a person causes an abortion through negligence, they may be required to perform community service for up to one (1) year.

Article 269: Habitual Abortion Practice

Anyone who habitually practices abortion will face imprisonment for one (1) to six (6) years.

Article 250: Abandonment of Pregnant Woman

Article 250 of the penal code addresses the issue of abandonment of pregnant women, aiming to safeguard their lives. However, this legal provision simultaneously reinforces the interpretation of abortion as a criminal act.

Anyone who, outside of marriage, causes a woman to become pregnant and subsequently abandons her without providing necessary assistance shall be punished with imprisonment for six (6) months to three (3) years.

The penalty shall be imprisonment for one (1) to five (5) years if, as a consequence of the abandonment, the woman commits the crime of abortion, infanticide, exposure, or abandonment of the newborn, or suicide.

Article 250, Penal Code Bolivia

This legal provision is significant as it places abortion in a context alongside other severe crimes such as infanticide and abandonment of a newborn. By categorizing abortion with such serious offenses, the law reflects a stringent stance on reproductive rights and women’s autonomy over their bodies.

Conscientious objection: Doctors have the right to refuse performing an abortion

Resolution 1508 issued by the Ministry of Health established a protocol for legal abortion procedures. This protocol acknowledges that healthcare providers have the right to conscientious objection on an individual basis⁵. However, there are several obligations connected to this right.

The legal framework for conscientious objection in Bolivia is manifested in several key documents:

1. The Medical Ethics and Deontology Code (approved in 2008): This code allows doctors to excuse themselves from advising or performing a non-punishable abortion if it’s contrary to their convictions. However, they must allow the continuation of care through another qualified doctor⁶.
2. The Technical Procedure for Health Service Provision (approved in 2015): This document outlines specific rules for conscientious objection in cases of legal abortion. It states that objection is a personal decision, not an institutional one. Objectors must communicate their objection in writing to their superiors, who must then ensure the procedure is carried out within 24 hours by a non-objecting provider⁷.
3. The Medical Professional Practice Law (Law 3131 of 2005): This law generally recognizes the right to conscientious objection for medical professionals⁸.

Despite these legal provisions, the implementation of conscientious objection in practice appears to be inconsistent. Many healthcare providers and even health authorities are unaware of the specific regulations governing conscientious objection⁹. Some doctors informally refer cases to non-objecting colleagues without formally declaring their objection in writing¹⁰.

An estimated 110,000 abortions are performed per year in Bolivia, according to a 2022 research by the Guttmacher Institute¹¹. Consequently, the abortion rate in the country lies at around 38 abortions for every 1000 women between the ages of 19 and 49.

However, there are several estimates:

• Rodríguez & Solíz (2017): 50,000 to 60,000 abortions per year¹².
• Ipas Bolivia (2018): The organization estimates that in 2010 around 52.057 procedures occurred, while in 2016 the number rose to 59.646 estimated procedures. Currently, Ipas estimates 185 abortions per day in Bolivia¹³.

The official numbers of the Health Ministry are drastically lower. From January to November 2022, it registered only 913 legal terminations of pregnancy, of which 60% were for health risk to the pregnant person, 38% for rape and 2% for congenital malformation incompatible with life¹⁴.

Pregnancies ending in abortion

Overall, the numbers show that abortion is a common practice in Bolivia. More than one fourth (26%) of all pregnancies end up in abortion^{15 16}. For unintended pregnancies, the abortion rate raises to more than one third.

However, it is remarkable that most unintended pregnancies get carried out. A report by MSI Reproductive Choices from 2011 presents these outcomes more detailed¹⁷:

Another analysis conducted by the Ministry of Health and Sports on data from four maternity hospitals revealed that 38.5% of pregnancies among girls under 15 end in abortion, while a significant 61.5% of these underage pregnancies continue to term¹⁸.

Unsafe Abortions

Not every person in need has access to a safe abortion in Bolivia. Unsafe abortions are the third cause of maternal death in the country, other causes include haemorrhaging, birth-related infections and eclampsia¹⁹. IPAS Bolivia explains:

Because abortion is criminalised in Bolivia, it is performed in clandestine and unsafe places, exposing women to infection, perforation of the uterus and even putting their lives at risk²⁰.

The fact that 60% of all health funds for obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) are aimed at treating complications from unsafe, clandestine abortions, underlines the seriousness of the Bolivian situation²¹.

MSI Reproductive Choices reports that 78.4% of Bolivian women view abortion as a sin, and over a third feel it should not be discussed ²². Only one-third openly stated that a woman may choose to terminate her (unintended) pregnancy. More than half responded that the pregnancy should be continued ²³.

Nonetheless, that doesn’t imply the absence of pro-choice attitudes in the country. In 2018, IPAS ran a survey among 211 health providers²⁴. The subjects were asked about their opinion regarding an attempted liberalization of the abortion law. According to the report, 82% agreed with it. However, the researchers also noted a concern of medical professionals to become victims of stigmatization when performing the procedure, which results in potential barriers for abortion seekers.

Most abortion seekers in Bolivia age 21–30 years (63%). One third is 20 years or younger (32.2%) and almost one percent is even younger than that (0.7%), according to a report published in the Gaceta Medica Boliviana²⁵.

Furthermore, 87% of those who underwent abortions were single. 46.3% worked as professionals, 31.5% attained a high school degree, 19.5% trained as higher technicians, and 2.7% completed part of their secondary education.

Use of Contraceptives

MSI Reproductive Choices found that only 49 out of 152 women who had an abortion—about one-third—had access to contraceptives beforehand²⁶. Access refers here to both a lack of information and prevailing negative attitudes towards sexuality.

Only 61 % of those who used contraceptives chose modern methods. The rest relied on traditional ones.

Role of the family of abortion seekers

When examining the impact of family on abortion choices, it’s noteworthy that in 2% of instances, family pressure played a role in the decision to proceed with the procedure, particularly among individuals aged 15 to 20. Conversely, around 81% of cases revealed that families were completely unaware of the pregnancies and exerted no influence. In 17% of cases, families were supportive of the person’s choice²⁹.

Abortion procedures should be available where legally allowed, but many clandestine abortions occur, especially in disadvantaged communities unaware of their rights, leading to further victimization³⁰. The same issue exists with access to birth control³¹.

Abortion Methods used in Bolivia

In Bolivia, the predominant method for inducing abortion is Misoprostol, which accounts for 65.8% of cases. This is followed by curettage at 12.7%, though the World Health Organization considers this method outdated and not safe. Next in line is Manual Vacuum Aspiration, utilized in 8.7% of abortions, while 2% of women opt for Mifepristone in conjunction with Misoprostol. Notably, 10% of those seeking abortions are unaware of the method employed in their procedure³³.

Most pregnancies (74.5%) ended in the first trimester, after 1 to 3 missed periods. 12,7% were terminated in the second trimester, after more than 3 missed periods, and another 12.7% were uncertain about when the pregnancy ended.

Abortion infrastructure

Abortion services in Bolivia should be available by law, but strict restrictions hinder access, even for those experiencing a miscarriage or meeting legal exceptions. According to the Manual of Standards, Rules, Protocols, and Technical Procedures for the Management of Hemorrhages in the First Half of Pregnancy, every medical facility should have the required infrastructure and medications to perform a legal interruption of pregnancy or refer to other institutions if that is not the case³⁴.

There are three levels of medical care centers:

• First Level: Here, people can access a legal abortion up to 12 weeks of the pregnancy if the victim provides a copy of the sexual violence report filed with the police (FELCV), the prosecutor’s office, or an indigenous authority. This should be documented in the medical record, and a unique certificate must be issued for forensic purposes. If there is a lack of medical staff, victims should be referred to more advanced health services.
• Second Level: After 12 weeks, a pregnancy termination is allowed in facilities with qualified medical staff when a victim presents a copy of their sexual violence report to the police, prosecutor’s office, or relevant indigenous authority.
• Third Level: Pregnancy termination is allowed in trained medical facilities with a copy of the sexual violence report.

In-clinic abortions

National, departmental, and municipal governments are legally obliged to supply medical centers with the required medicines and infrastructure to perform an abortion. When a surgical procedure is requested, all second and third-level facilities should have the following implements:

• IPAS for a manual vacuum aspiration
• Uterine curettage room

The institutions must also have the required tools for the procedure to be safe and clean. However, based on the Ombudsman’s Office of Bolivia, out of 44 analyzed healthcare providers, 32 do not have an independent manual vacuum aspiration room, and 12 do not have the needed tools to perform the procedure. On the other hand, out of the 44 investigated facilities, the required tools to carry on a uterine curettage procedure are missing in 17 clinics³⁵.

Abortion with Mifepristone and Misoprostol

Every medical facility should also have the required medications to perform a legal interruption of pregnancy.

According to a report by the Ombudsman’s Office of Bolivia, out of 44 health provider centers in Bolivia, 95% have the necessary 200 mcg Misoprostol and only 77% 200 mg of Mifepristone³⁶.

Costs of an abortion in Bolivia

The cost of abortion treatment with pills, specifically 4 Misoprostol and 1 Mifepristone, typically ranges from $250 to $300 BOB, equivalent to roughly $40 to $50 USD. However, prices can fluctuate based on brand and context, with each pill costing between $80 and $100 BOB, or about $10 to $15 USD³⁷.

For Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA), the expenses vary based on several factors, including the stage of pregnancy and associated risks, with costs ranging from $700 to $3,500 BOB, approximately $100 to $500 USD³⁸.

General Awareness about abortion methods

One issue of accessibility of abortion in Bolivia is the lack of information and knowledge. Many are not aware of basic abortion methods as demonstrated by a survey from 2011: 86.3% (1,196) of the surveyed women were aware of in-clinic abortion, while only 56.8% (787) were aware of medication abortion³⁹.

In Bolivia, abortion remains a legally restricted and highly stigmatised issue. Faced with social and legal barriers, many people turn to the internet as their first source of information on the topic. This reality can be observed through tools such as Google Trends, which allow us to analyse the search dynamics related to abortion and better understand the population’s interest and needs.

Between December 2023 and November 2024, searches for the term ‘abort (in Spanish)’ in Bolivia have shown significant variations. As can be seen in the graph, interest has fluctuated steadily, with marked peaks at certain periods. This could coincide with social events, relevant news or reproductive rights campaigns that activate public debate and, with it, people’s curiosity and concern. However, it is notable that every month people searched for the word ‘abort (in Spanish)’.

A line graph illustrates fluctuating data points from early October 2023 to mid-November 2024, with values ranging from approximately 50 to 100, reflecting trends in discussions around abortion rights in Bolivia.

Analysis of searches related to ‘abort’ in Bolivia shows two types of patterns: related topics and related queries. In related topics, terms such as ‘teenage pregnancy’, ‘Farmatodo’ and plant names such as Syzygium aromaticum (clove) and Pimpinella anisum (anise) stand out. This suggests that many people may be seeking home or alternative remedies to manage unwanted pregnancies due to lack of access to legal options. Also found is the search query, ‘Over-the-counter medication’, possibly indicating attempts to identify pharmaceutical options for accessing safe abortions. In related queries, topics such as ‘how to abort implantation bleeding’, ‘what are abortion pills called’ and ‘how to abort teenage pregnancy’ reflect an active search for practical information to enable people to decide safely. In addition, there is a notable concern about teenage pregnancy in the country.

Bolivia is a deeply religious and conservative nation, with approximately 90% of its population belonging to a religious group⁴⁰. Its society often carries sexist values and is influenced by stigma and violence. These factors significantly influence public perceptions of abortion in the country and enable several conservative groups across Bolivia to misinform people and sway their decisions against the voluntary interruption of pregnancy⁴¹.

Sexual Violence is a big problem in Bolivia

After domestic violence, sexual violence is the second most common crime reported under Bolivia’s Law for the Protection of Women. Despite its prevalence, this form of violence remains largely invisible. The fear of experiencing further harm, or even losing their lives, causes many women and children to avoid reporting the violence⁴².

Numbers of denounces of sexual violence in Bolivia by department

Between 2018 and 2022, there were 36,629 reported cases of sexual violence in Bolivia, according to data from the Public Ministry (up until October 16, 2022). More than 50% of the perpetrators were direct family members of the victims, while over 14% were close acquaintances within the family environment. Only 7.7% of the cases involved strangers to the victim.

A particularly alarming aspect of this data is the age of the victims. The highest number of sexual assaults were recorded in girls aged 7 to 13, who accounted for 57% of the cases. The second most affected group was girls and young women between the ages of 14 and 20, making up 24.4% of the cases, followed by infants and young children aged 0 to 6, who represented 5.8% of the reported incidents.

The problem is worsened by the absence of a consistent reporting and tracking system among the institutions managing complaints, investigations, trials, and sanctions. This lack of clarity makes it hard to understand the true extent of the issue, hindering the development of effective public policies to prevent and address sexual violence.

A long way to go for gender equality in Bolivia

As of 2024, Bolivia’s Gender Inequalities Index rates at 0.746 which gives it the 44th position worldwide⁴³.

More numbers by the WHO⁴⁴

• As of 2017, the maternal mortality ratio stands at a staggering 155 per 1,000 women, highlighting the severe risks associated with childbirth and reproductive health services.
• The adolescent birth rate for young women aged 10-14 and 15-19 years is troublingly high at 68.1 per 1,000 women (2015-2020), indicating a pressing need for adequate sexual and reproductive health education and services.
• 20.1% of married women reported an unmet need for family planning in 2008, showcasing significant gaps in access to contraceptive methods.
• Approximately 20% of women aged 20-24 had given birth before the age of 18 (2009-2013), underscoring the lack of autonomy over reproductive choices.

Although some data is available from the health system, NGOs provide more critical information. However, to draw a complete picture of the abortion situation in Bolivia studies would require answering the following questions:

*This page presents abortion data only for women and girls since the information available is usually not separated by gender. However, AbortionData.org acknowledges this limitation.

[1] (S.F) Abortion regulation in América Latina. Gender Equality Observatory for Latin America and the Caribbean. Available at: 

https://oig.cepal.org/es/laws/2/country/bolivia-6

[2] (S.F) Unintended pregnancy and abortion in Bolivia. Guttmacher Institute. Available at: 

https://www.guttmacher.org/regions/latin-america-caribbean/bolivia

[3] IPAS Bolivia (2018) Las cifras hablan II. Ipas Bolivia. La Paz, Bolivia. Available at: 

https://www.ipasbolivia.org/materiales/las-cifras-hablan-ii-el-aborto-es-un-problema-de-salud-publica

[4]

[5] Mamani E (14-12-2020) El aborto legal en Bolivia y los objetores de conciencia institucionalizados. My waso. Available at: https://muywaso.com/el-aborto-legal-en-bolivia-y-los-objetores-de-conciencia-institucionalizados/

[6] Cordoba-Pozo K et al., (2017) Sexual and reproductive rights for contraception in Colombia, Bolivia, and Uruguay in the framework of human rights. Revista Panam Salud Pública. Available at: 

https://www.academia.edu/67450510/Sexual_and_reproductive_rights_for_contraception_in_Bolivia_Colombia_and_Uruguay_in_the_framework_of_human_rights_

[7] Defensoría del Pueblo de Bolivia (2020) Informe defensorial. Situación de la interrupción legal del embarazo como derecho humano de las mujeres. Available at

https://www.ipasbolivia.org/materiales/situacion-de-la-interrupcion-legal-del-embarazo-como-derecho-humano-de-las-mujeres

[8] UNFPA (2020) Los riesgos de la pandemia del COVID-19 para el ejercicio de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos de las mujeres. Available at: 

https://lac.unfpa.org/es/publications/los-riesgos-de-la-pandemia-de-covid-19-para-el-ejercicio-de-los-derechos-sexuales-y

[9] Vincenti S. (20 -07-2020) Encerradas junto a sus agresores, así pasaron el confinamiento muchas niñas en Bolivia. El Deber, Bolivia. Available at: 

https://eldeber.com.bo/pais/encerradas-junto-a-sus-agresores-asi-pasaron-el-confinamiento-muchas-ninas-en-bolivia_191753

[10] Muy Waso (30-09-2019) La cara siniestra del aborto en Bolivia. Available at: 

[11] Rojas, G. D. F. R. (2022). Factores sociales, demográficos y gineco-obstétricos asociados al aborto inducido en mujeres bolivianas, periodo 2018-2022: Factores asociados al aborto inducido en Bolivia 2018-2022. Gaceta Médica Boliviana, 45(2), 128-134.

1. World Health Organization, Global Abortion Policies Database, Country Profile Bolivia, available at: https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/bolivia/ ↩︎
2. Código Penal y Código de Procedimiento Penal (2010), Ministerio de Justicia de Bolivia, available at: https://tsj.bo/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/codigo-penal-y-procedimento-penal.pdf ↩︎
3. Girl’s Ordeal Exposes Bolivia’s Failure on Reproductive Rights (2021), César Muñoz, available at: https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/12/06/girls-ordeal-exposes-bolivias-failure-reproductive-rights ↩︎
4. World Health Organization, Global Abortion Policies Database, Country Profile Bolivia, available at: https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/bolivia/ ↩︎
5. Estado de Situación de La Objeción de Conciencia En Bolivia, Católicas por el Derecho a Decidir (2018) n.d., p. 5, available at https://catolicasbolivia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/7-HD-Estado-de-situacion-corregido.pdf ↩︎
6. ibid., pp. 29–30 ↩︎
7. ibid., pp. 30-31 ↩︎
8. ibid., p. 48 ↩︎
9. ibid., pp. 38–40 ↩︎
10. ibid., pp. 40–41 ↩︎
11. Bearak JM, Popinchalk A, Beavin C, et al
    Country-specific estimates of unintended pregnancy and abortion incidence: a global comparative analysis of levels in 2015-2019
    BMJ Global Health 2022;7:e007151., available at https://gh.bmj.com/content/7/3/e007151 ↩︎
12. CAMPOHERMOSO RODRIGUEZ, Omar Félix  y  SOLIZ SOLIZ, Ruddy. Legalización del aborto en Bolivia: (Cuestión de Salud Pública y Derechos Humanos, no de Moral). Cuad. – Hosp. Clín. [online]. 2017, vol.58, n.2 [citado  2024-09-10], pp.87-100. available at http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1652-67762017000200014 ↩︎
13. Bolivia, Ipas, Available at https://www.ipas.org/where-we-work/the-americas/bolivia/ ↩︎
14. IPAS Bolivia, Interrupciones legales del embarazo por violación: el 78% se practicaron a niñas (15.05.2023), available at https://www.ipasbolivia.org/noticias/interrupciones-legales-del-embarazo-por-violacion-el-78-se-practicaron-a-ninas ↩︎
15. Bearak JM, Popinchalk A, Beavin C, et al, see 9. ↩︎
16. IPAS Bolivia (2018) Las cifras hablan II. Ipas Bolivia. La Paz, Bolivia. Available at: 
    https://www.ipasbolivia.org/materiales/las-cifras-hablan-ii-el-aborto-es-un-problema-de-salud-publica ↩︎
17. Bruch, Barbery, Pimentel, Bury (2011), Embarazos no deseados y abortos inseguros en cinco ciudades de Bolivia, MSI Reproductive Choices, p. 26, available at https://clacaidigital.info/bitstream/handle/123456789/2341/Situaciones%20evitables_%20embarazos%20no%20deseados%20y%20abortos%20inseguros%20en%20cinco%20ciudades%20de%20Bolivia.pdf ↩︎
18. IPAS Bolivia (2018) Las cifras hablan II., p.129, see 14. ↩︎
19. Bolivia tackles maternal and child deaths, Moloney, Anastasia, The Lancet, Volume 374, Issue 9688, 442, available at https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61438-0/fulltext ↩︎
20. ibid. ↩︎
21. Deborah L. Billings, Barbara B. Crane, Janie Benson, Julie Solo, Tamara Fetters,
    Scaling-up a public health innovation: A comparative study of post-abortion care in Bolivia and Mexico, Social Science & Medicine, Volume 64, Issue 11, 2007, Pages 2210-2222,
    available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.02.026. ↩︎
22. Bruch, Barbery, Pimentel, Bury (2011), p. 11, see 15. ↩︎
23. ibid., p.22 ↩︎
24. IPAS Bolivia, see 3. ↩︎
25. Rojas, G. D. F. R. (2022). Factores sociales, demográficos y gineco-obstétricos asociados al aborto inducido en mujeres bolivianas, periodo 2018-2022: Factores asociados al aborto inducido en Bolivia 2018-2022. Gaceta Médica Boliviana, 45(2), 128-134, available at: https://revistas.umss.edu.bo/index.php/gacetamedicaboliviana/article/view/137/164 ↩︎
26. Bruch, Barbery, Pimentel, Bury (2011), p. 26, see 15. ↩︎
27. Myka, Find my method, available at: https://findmymethod.org/ ↩︎
28. MSI Reproductive Choices Timor Leste, available at: https://www.mariestopes.tl/services/traditional-family-planning-methods/traditional-family-planning/ ↩︎
29. Rojas, G. D. F. R. (2022), p. 131, see 25. ↩︎
30. Corrales R (25-20-2022) Las engañosas estrategias de los centros antiaborto en Bolivia. Muy Waso. available at: https://muywaso.com/el-aborto-legal-en-bolivia-y-los-objetores-de-conciencia-institucionalizados/ ↩︎
31. Cordoba-Pozo K et al., (2017) Sexual and reproductive rights for contraception in Colombia, Bolivia, and Uruguay in the framework of human rights. Revista Panam Salud Pública. p. 2, available at: 
    https://www.academia.edu/67450510/Sexual_and_reproductive_rights_for_contraception_in_Bolivia_Colombia_and_Uruguay_in_the_framework_of_human_rights_ ↩︎
32. World Health Organization, Global Abortion Policies Database, Country Profile Bolivia, available at: https://abortion-policies.srhr.org/country/bolivia/ ↩︎
33. Rojas, G. D. F. R. (2022), p. 133, see 25. ↩︎
34. Ministerio de Salud y Deportes Bolivia (2009), Manual de Normas, Reglas, Protocolos y Procedimientos Técnicos para el Manejo de las
    Hemorragias de la Primera Mitad del Embarazo, pp. 20-22, available at: https://clacaidigital.info/bitstream/handle/123456789/762/Bolivia.%20Guidelines%20pregnancy%20hemorrhage.pdf ↩︎
35. Defensoría del Pueblo de Bolivia (2020) Informe defensorial. Situación de la interrupción legal del embarazo como derecho humano de las mujeres, p. 54, available at
    https://www.ipasbolivia.org/materiales/situacion-de-la-interrupcion-legal-del-embarazo-como-derecho-humano-de-las-mujeres ↩︎
36. ibid., p.163 ↩︎
37. How to use abortion pill, available at: https://www.howtouseabortionpill.org/abortion-laws-by-country/bolivia/ ↩︎
38. ibid. ↩︎
39. Bruch, Barbery, Pimentel, Bury (2011), p. 22 see 15. ↩︎
40. 2023 Report on International Religious Freedom: Bolivia, US Department of State, Section 1, available at: https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/bolivia/ ↩︎
41. Corrales R (25-20-2022), see 29. ↩︎
42. Coordinadora de la mujer (2022), Estado de situación de la violencia sexual en Bolivia – La otra pandemia, p. 1, available at: https://www.coordinadoradelamujer.org.bo/web/index.php/destacados/316 ↩︎
43. Global Gender Gap Report 2024, World Economic Forum, available at:
    https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-gender-gap-report-2024/ ↩︎
44. WHO, see 1. ↩︎

Abortion in Bolivia: Facts & Data 2025

• 1Abortion Law & Regulation
• 2Facts & Numbers
• 3Public opinion
• 4Abortion Seekers          
• 5Accessibility & Methods
• 6Abortion on Internet
• 7Social environment
• 8Points of Contact
• 9What we don't know
• 10Sources